state senate districtArkansas 31st State Senate District
presidential margin
2004–2024 · Democratic minus Republican
2004R+31.6
2008R+32.2
2012R+33.2
2016R+23.3
2020R+14.2
2024R+16.7
net swing · 2004→2024D+14.8R+31.6 → R+16.7
vs. U.S. · 2024R+15.3R+16.7 vs R+1.5
presidential returns
2024 turnout 52.7% of 47,316 citizens 18+
Year
Democrat
Republican
Others
Total
CVAP
Turnout
2024
9,995
14,167
782
24,944
47,316
52.7%
2020
10,132
13,625
766
24,523
43,627†
56.2%
2016
7,366
12,341
1,614
21,321
39,536†
53.9%
2012
5,993
12,295
683
18,971
36,860†
51.5%
2008
6,153
12,170
361
18,684
35,156†
53.1%
2004
5,873
11,413
268
17,554
33,452†
52.5%
† Citizen voting-age population estimated for prior cycles from the constituent-county ACS trend anchored to the current figure. Source: ACS 5-year, table B05003.
——
D+60R+60
20042024
Boundary by 2024 margin · Precinct returns · VEST · MIT Election Lab
People and households
Who lives here
Exact values for this place, its state, and the United States.
Race · ethnicity · ancestry
Communities and origins
GroupAR SD 31ArkansasUnited States
English10.1%12.3%9.5%
German8.5%9.2%12.5%
Irish6.9%8.9%9.4%
American3.9%7.5%5.3%
Scottish1.8%1.8%1.3%
Italian1.6%1.4%4.8%
French1.3%1.3%1.6%
Polish1.0%—2.2%
Mexican28.0%6.3%11.3%
Salvadoran3.7%0.9%0.7%
Guatemalan1.6%0.4%0.5%
Puerto Rican1.0%0.3%1.8%
Honduran0.6%0.2%0.3%
Cuban0.4%—0.7%
Colombian0.4%—0.4%
Venezuelan0.4%——
Marshallese21.4%0.3%—
Aztec2.7%——
African American†1.8%13.5%9.9%
African0.2%0.9%0.5%
Laotian0.4%——
Asian Indian0.2%0.4%1.4%
Chinese0.2%—1.3%
Filipino0.2%0.2%0.9%
Vietnamese0.2%0.2%0.6%
Burmese0.2%——
Hispanic or Latino counts residents of any race; the race groups count only their non-Hispanic residents, so the groups are mutually exclusive and sum to 100%. Expand a row to see ancestries reported within that group.
Age and life stage
Measure
AR SD 31
Arkansas
United States
Median age
32.8
38.8
39.1
Age 18–24
14.8%
9.4%
9.2%
Age 65 and older
12.3%
17.5%
17.2%
Household economy
Measure
AR SD 31
Arkansas
United States
Median household income
$69,420
$60,773
$84,427
Poverty rate
12.8%
16.0%
12.5%
Bachelor's degree or higher (25+)
35.2%
26.0%
35.6%
Languages at home
Measure
AR SD 31
Arkansas
United States
Speaks a non-English language at home
17.5%
8.3%
22.3%
Spanish
13.0%
6.2%
13.6%
Other Asian & Pacific Island
2.8%
0.7%
1.1%
Religious landscape
Measure
AR SD 31
Arkansas
United States
Catholic
—
5.2%
18.6%
Evangelical Protestant
—
38.2%
16.5%
Unclaimed / not counted
—
42.5%
51.5%
American Community Survey 2024 5-year (CVAP, income, age, poverty, education, language, race, ancestry) · presidential returns from MIT Election Lab through 2024 · 2020 U.S. Religion Census (ASARB) — congregational adherents; unclaimed is the residual not counted by congregations.
Arkansas 31st State Senate District
presidential history
Presidential margin, 2004–2024
Democratic minus Republican, by election
Presidential margin over time
Year
Margin (D minus R)
2004
−31.6%
2008
−32.2%
2012
−33.2%
2016
−23.3%
2020
−14.2%
2024
−16.7%
DemocraticRepublican
6 presidential elections
Third column names the leading third-party or independent finisher. Source · MIT Election Lab · ICPSR · VEST (precinct-level 2024). Swing · margin change from the prior cycle. vs U.S. · margin relative to the national result that year. Third-party votes in 2012 are allocated from certified county totals by this place's share of each county's two-party vote — that cycle's precinct source records two-party splits. † 2004 sub-county results are estimated: the source's block-level detail for this cycle was unreliable — either county/municipality-level consolidated reporting (COVID-era) or a precinct-to-block allocation that misplaced votes — so the figures are allocated from the constituent county totals in proportion to the place and scaled to certified totals.
Year
Won
Democratic
Republican
Other
Margin
Swing
vs U.S.
Total
R
40.1%Harris9,995
56.8%Trump14,167
3.1%
R+16.7
R+2.5
R+15.3
24,944
R
41.3%Biden10,132
55.6%Trump13,625
3.1%
R+14.2
D+9.1
R+18.7
24,523
R
34.5%Clinton7,366
57.9%Trump12,341
7.6%
R+23.3
D+9.9
R+25.4
21,321
R
31.6%Obama5,993
64.8%Romney12,295
3.6%
R+33.2
R+1.0
R+37.1
18,971
R
32.9%Obama6,153
65.1%McCain12,170
1.9%
R+32.2
R+0.6
R+39.5
18,684
R
33.5%Kerry5,873
65.0%Bush11,413
1.5%
R+31.6
—
R+29.1
17,554
current representation
Current officeholders
RClint PenzoState Senate · 31
State legislative officeholder from OpenStates nightly current-legislator data.
The district recorded a Republican presidential margin of R+16.7 in 2024, compared with R+32.2 in 2008. About 18,100 residents lived here, with White alone at 62.7% in the 2024 ACS 5-year.
Across the recorded series it reached a Republican high of 33.2 points in 2012. Between 2020 and 2024 the district moved 2.5 points toward the Republican candidate; the 2024 margin was 16.7 points.
A population of 84,647, a 43% non-Hispanic-white share, and a median household income of $69,420 describe the district. The district's voting pattern over the last decade is most similar to that of State Senate District 34 and State Senate District 32.
Akashic
Political twins — state-senate districts
The state-senate districts whose fingerprint — 2000–2024 trajectory, demographics, ancestry, religion — sits closest to this one, and why.
Twin score (0–100) = weighted cosine between tier-standardized fingerprints: presidential margins 2000–2024 with 12-yr trend and elasticity, ACS income, age, education, population and race, top reported ancestries, and religious adherence — chips name the closest-shared dimensions and the widest gap. Re-weight the groups in the twins explorer.
Compare two places, side by side
Twelve curated comparisons line up election history, demographics, and the divergence story for two places at a glance. Browse all comparisons →
Cite this page
All citations released under CC BY 4.0. Attribution: Akashic Intelligence.
Arkansas 31st State Senate District. Akashic. https://akashic.app/sld-upper/05031/. Accessed May 20, 2026. License: CC BY 4.0.
How did Arkansas 31st State Senate District vote in 2024?
In 2024, Arkansas 31st State Senate District voted Republican by 16.7 points (R+16.7), carried by the Republican candidate. Out of 24,944 votes cast, 9,995 went Democratic and 14,167 went Republican.
How many people live in Arkansas 31st State Senate District?
Arkansas 31st State Senate District has a population of 84,647 according to the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates from the US Census Bureau.
What is the median household income in Arkansas 31st State Senate District?
Median household income in Arkansas 31st State Senate District is $69,420 — below the national median of $80,734. The Arkansas state median is $60,773.
What is the political history of Arkansas 31st State Senate District?
Akashic tracks 6 presidential elections in Arkansas 31st State Senate District from 2004 to 2024. Of those, 0 went Democratic and 6 went Republican.
