† Citizen voting-age population estimated for prior cycles; 2004 predates the ACS and is extrapolated. Source: ACS 5-year, table B05003.
——
D+60R+60
10 counties by 2024 margin · County returns · MIT Election Lab
People and households
Who lives here
Exact values for this place, its state, and the United States.
Race · ethnicity · ancestry
Communities and origins
GroupHarrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-YorkPennsylvaniaUnited States
German29.6%21.6%12.5%
Irish11.3%14.8%9.4%
English8.8%8.3%9.5%
American6.3%4.4%5.3%
Italian5.8%10.6%4.8%
Polish2.7%5.4%2.2%
Scottish1.6%1.1%1.3%
French1.4%—1.6%
Puerto Rican5.0%3.7%1.8%
Mexican1.5%1.4%11.3%
Dominican1.2%1.4%0.7%
Guatemalan0.2%0.2%0.5%
Cuban0.2%0.2%0.7%
African American†4.4%8.7%9.9%
African0.3%0.4%0.5%
Asian Indian0.7%1.2%1.4%
Chinese0.3%0.9%1.3%
Vietnamese0.3%0.3%0.6%
Nepalese0.3%——
Filipino0.2%0.2%0.9%
Hispanic or Latino counts residents of any race; the race groups count only their non-Hispanic residents, so the groups are mutually exclusive and sum to 100%. Expand a row to see ancestries reported within that group.
Age and life stage
Measure
Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York
Pennsylvania
United States
Median age
40.6
41.2
39.1
Age 18–24
8.5%
8.9%
9.2%
Age 65 and older
19.5%
19.5%
17.2%
Household economy
Measure
Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York
Pennsylvania
United States
Median household income
$82,708
$77,971
$84,427
Poverty rate
9.1%
11.7%
12.5%
Bachelor's degree or higher (25+)
30.3%
35.2%
35.6%
Languages at home
Measure
Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York
Pennsylvania
United States
Speaks a non-English language at home
11.9%
12.4%
22.3%
Spanish
5.6%
5.6%
13.6%
German or other West Germanic
2.5%
0.9%
0.5%
Other Indo-European
1.4%
1.7%
2.0%
Religious landscape
Measure
Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York
Pennsylvania
United States
Catholic
9.7%
21.9%
18.6%
Evangelical Protestant
14.7%
9.3%
16.5%
Unclaimed / not counted
59.4%
53.1%
51.5%
Mainline Protestant
12.3%
10.3%
5.2%
American Community Survey 2024 5-year (CVAP, income, age, poverty, education, language, race, ancestry) · presidential returns from MIT Election Lab through 2024 · 2020 U.S. Religion Census (ASARB) — congregational adherents; unclaimed is the residual not counted by congregations.
Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania
presidential history
Presidential margin, 1892–2024
Democratic minus Republican, by election
Presidential margin over time
Year
Margin (D minus R)
1892
−9.3%
1896
−24.3%
1900
−20.8%
1904
−32.6%
1908
−22.4%
1912
+11.9%
1916
−6.6%
1920
−30.4%
1924
−35.2%
1928
−62.6%
1932
−10.3%
1936
+6.6%
1940
−2.6%
1944
−13.6%
1948
−20.9%
1952
−27.1%
1956
−31.3%
1960
−31.2%
1964
+9.4%
1968
−28.8%
1972
−45.6%
1976
−21.8%
1980
−31.8%
1984
−39.5%
1988
−32.3%
1992
−17.9%
1996
−17.6%
2000
−27.2%
2004
−28.9%
2008
−12.9%
2012
−19.4%
2016
−23.8%
2020
−19.9%
2024
−20.4%
DemocraticRepublican
34 presidential elections
Third column names the leading third-party or independent finisher. Source · MIT Election Lab · ICPSR · VEST (precinct-level 2024). Swing · margin change from the prior cycle. vs U.S. · margin relative to the national result that year.
Year
Won
Democratic
Republican
Other
Margin
Swing
vs U.S.
Total
R
39.3%Harris438,156
59.7%Trump664,998
0.6%Oliver6,414 +1
R+20.4
R+0.4
R+18.9
1,114,515
All 4 candidates in 2024 · 2 minor / independent
Donald J TrumpRepublican59.7%664,998
Kamala D HarrisDemocratic39.3%438,156
Chase OliverLibertarian0.6%6,414
Jill SteinIndependent0.4%4,947
R
39.3%Biden422,556
59.2%Trump636,673
1.5%
R+19.9
D+3.9
R+24.4
1,074,845
R
35.4%Clinton332,375
59.2%Trump556,080
5.5%
R+23.8
R+4.4
R+25.9
939,766
R
39.4%Obama337,495
58.8%Romney504,052
1.8%
R+19.4
R+6.5
R+23.3
856,796
R
43.0%Obama377,657
55.9%McCain490,853
1.0%
R+12.9
D+16.0
R+20.2
877,567
R
35.3%Kerry292,800
64.1%Bush532,747
0.6%
R+28.9
R+1.7
R+26.4
830,628
R
35.1%Gore237,016
62.2%Bush420,788
2.7%
R+27.2
R+9.5
R+27.7
676,175
R
36.5%Clinton221,176
54.1%Dole328,210
9.4%
R+17.6
D+0.2
R+26.2
606,588
R
31.8%Clinton200,992
49.6%Bush314,105
18.6%
R+17.9
D+14.4
R+23.4
632,699
R
33.5%Dukakis180,478
65.7%Bush354,343
0.8%
R+32.3
D+7.3
R+24.5
538,984
R
29.9%Mondale160,400
69.5%Reagan372,289
0.6%
R+39.5
R+7.7
R+21.3
535,970
R
30.3%Carter149,684
62.1%Reagan306,929
7.6%
R+31.8
R+10.0
R+22.1
494,367
R
38.1%Carter183,283
59.9%Ford287,952
2.0%
R+21.8
D+23.8
R+23.8
480,688
R
26.2%McGovern119,114
71.8%Nixon326,225
1.9%
R+45.6
R+16.8
R+22.5
454,096
R
31.1%Humphrey142,064
59.9%Nixon273,994
9.1%
R+28.8
R+38.2
R+28.1
457,486
D
54.5%Johnson249,945
45.1%Goldwater206,813
0.4%
D+9.4
D+40.6
R+13.2
458,526
R
34.2%Kennedy164,915
65.5%Nixon315,396
0.3%
R+31.2
D+0.1
R+31.4
481,829
R
34.2%Stevenson147,338
65.6%Eisenhower282,346
0.2%
R+31.3
R+4.2
R+15.9
430,692
R
36.3%Stevenson149,207
63.4%Eisenhower260,801
0.3%
R+27.1
R+6.2
R+16.4
411,445
R
38.7%Truman125,615
59.6%Dewey193,612
1.7%
R+20.9
R+7.3
R+25.4
324,694
R
43.0%Roosevelt146,461
56.6%Dewey192,824
0.5%
R+13.6
R+11.0
R+21.1
340,870
R
48.6%Roosevelt174,371
51.2%Willkie183,736
0.3%
R+2.6
R+9.2
R+12.6
359,106
D
52.6%Roosevelt202,613
46.0%Landon177,359
1.4%
D+6.6
D+16.8
R+17.7
385,460
R
43.2%Roosevelt120,856
53.5%Hoover149,550
3.3%
R+10.3
D+52.3
R+28.1
279,645
R
18.3%Smith52,602
80.9%Hoover232,238
0.8%
R+62.6
R+27.4
R+45.1
287,181
R
29.2%Davis63,541
64.3%Coolidge140,070
6.5%
R+35.2
R+4.7
R+10.0
217,706
R
32.9%Cox60,407
63.3%Harding116,349
3.9%
R+30.4
R+23.9
R+4.2
183,870
R
44.1%Wilson63,175
50.7%Hughes72,592
5.3%
R+6.6
R+18.5
R+9.7
143,290
O
36.0%Wilson51,694
24.1%Taft34,572
39.9%
Roosevelt +3.8
D+34.3
R+7.6
143,462
R
36.9%Bryan53,200
59.2%Taft85,464
3.9%
R+22.4
D+10.2
R+12.8
144,320
R
32.1%Parker45,215
64.7%Roosevelt91,055
3.2%
R+32.6
R+11.7
R+12.9
140,822
R
38.3%Bryan52,407
59.1%McKinley80,906
2.6%
R+20.8
D+3.4
R+13.3
136,886
R
36.4%Bryan50,391
60.7%McKinley83,988
2.9%
R+24.3
R+15.0
R+18.2
138,458
R
44.1%Cleveland54,633
53.4%Harrison66,136
2.5%
R+9.3
—
R+10.9
123,890
voter registration
Registered voters
By party of registration, over time
Party registration · 2026R+20.3
vs
Presidential vote · 2024R+20.4
Registration and the presidential vote track closely here — within 0.1 points.
Domestic migration in Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York in Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York: net domestic migration by year
Year
Net domestic migration
2011
−744
2012
−1,791
2013
−974
2014
−1,035
2015
−97
2016
−954
2017
+2,430
2018
+1,817
2019
+1,501
2021
+14,665
2022
+4,434
2023
+5,396
2024
+5,051
2025
+4,933
Stretching across south-central Pennsylvania's mix of mid-sized cities and deep-rural townships, this market has historically leaned Republican but seen competitive tightening as Lancaster and York suburbs diversify and commuter populations grow.
Across the recorded series it reached a Democratic high of 11.9 points in 1912 and a Republican high of 62.6 points in 1928. The 2024 margin was 20.4 points.
A population of 2,102,110, a 78% non-Hispanic-white share, and a median household income of $82,708 describe the market. The market's voting pattern over the last decade is most similar to that of Lincoln & Hastings-Kearney and Harrisonburg.
Akashic
Political twins — media markets
The media markets whose fingerprint — 2000–2024 trajectory, demographics, ancestry, religion — sits closest to this one, and why.
Twin score (0–100) = weighted cosine between tier-standardized fingerprints: presidential margins 2000–2024 with 12-yr trend and elasticity, ACS income, age, education, population and race, top reported ancestries, and religious adherence — chips name the closest-shared dimensions and the widest gap. Re-weight the groups in the twins explorer.
Compare two places, side by side
Twelve curated comparisons line up election history, demographics, and the divergence story for two places at a glance. Browse all comparisons →
Cite this page
All citations released under CC BY 4.0. Attribution: Akashic Intelligence.
Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania. Akashic. https://akashic.app/dma/566/. Accessed May 20, 2026. License: CC BY 4.0.
License: CC BY 4.0
Embed this page
A live widget for your site — no API key, attribution built in, CC BY 4.0. All widgets & sizes →
How did Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania vote in 2024?
In 2024, Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania voted Republican by 20.4 points (R+20.4), carried by the Republican candidate. Out of 1,114,515 votes cast, 438,156 went Democratic and 664,998 went Republican.
When did Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania last vote Democratic?
The most recent presidential election in which Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania voted Democratic was 1964.
How many people live in Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania?
Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania has a population of 2,102,110 according to the 2024 American Community Survey 5-year estimates from the US Census Bureau.
What is the median household income in Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania?
Median household income in Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania is $82,708 — above the national median of $80,734. The Pennsylvania state median is $77,971.
What is the political history of Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania?
Akashic tracks 34 presidential elections in Harrisburg-Lancaster-Lebanon-York, Pennsylvania from 1892 to 2024. Of those, 2 went Democratic and 31 went Republican.
