AkashicThe most Polish-ancestry places in America
Of the 100 counties most defined by polish, 85 voted Republican and 15 Democratic in 2024 — a median of R+28.5, and as a group they shifted −2.4 points toward Republicans from 2020 to 2024.
Does polish move the vote?
Every U.S. county, plotted by how much of the community lives there against its 2024 presidential margin — the demographic dial on one axis, the political one on the other.
Across every county, polish barely moves the vote either way — little relationship (r = +0.11).
| Polish range | Counties | Median margin |
|---|---|---|
| 0.4% – 1.1% | 209 | R+44.7 |
| 1.1% – 1.7% | 272 | R+38.2 |
| 1.7% – 2.4% | 177 | R+29.6 |
| 2.4% – 3.0% | 127 | R+28.1 |
| 3.0% – 3.6% | 91 | R+18.7 |
| 3.6% – 4.3% | 70 | R+23.9 |
| 4.3% – 5.0% | 58 | R+16.5 |
| 5.0% – 5.6% | 48 | R+19.5 |
| 5.6% – 6.3% | 35 | R+19.5 |
| 6.3% – 6.9% | 25 | R+21.3 |
| 6.9% – 7.6% | 26 | R+24.9 |
| 7.6% – 8.2% | 23 | R+23.3 |
| 8.2% – 8.9% | 19 | R+29.6 |
| 8.9% – 9.5% | 15 | R+33.8 |
| 9.5% – 10.2% | 16 | R+29.4 |
| 10.2% – 10.8% | 33 | R+23.9 |
Where polish concentrates
Every county shaded by polish — deep where the community clusters, pale at the other end. Counties below 5,000 population are suppressed.
The leaderboard
Ranked most to least by polish. Filter by region or state, switch the column lens, cap the list, and sort on any figure.
| # | 2008–24 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Portage County, WI | 27.8% | D D+1.2 | −1.6 | 43,258 | |
| 2 | Presque Isle County, MI | 24.8% | R R+29.0 | +0.2 | 8,742 | |
| 3 | Alpena County, MI | 18.8% | R R+28.6 | −1.0 | 17,213 | |
| 4 | Morrison County, MN | 16.2% | R R+55.9 | −2.5 | 20,313 | |
| 5 | Huron County, MI | 16.0% | R R+40.6 | −1.3 | 18,969 | |
| 6 | Luzerne County, PA | 15.8% | R R+19.2 | −4.8 | 156,150 | |
| 7 | Bay County, MI | 15.6% | R R+14.7 | −3.1 | 61,338 | |
| 8 | Arenac County, MI | 15.5% | R R+40.6 | −4.9 | 9,158 | |
| 9 | Erie County, NY | 14.5% | D D+9.6 | −5.1 | 456,550 | |
| 10 | Marathon County, WI | 14.5% | R R+18.6 | −0.6 | 78,826 | |
| 11 | Trempealeau County, WI | 14.3% | R R+21.4 | −4.8 | 16,079 | |
| 12 | Lackawanna County, PA | 13.3% | D D+2.8 | −5.6 | 116,590 | |
| 13 | Macomb County, MI | 12.6% | R R+13.7 | −5.6 | 509,152 | |
| 14 | Otsego County, MI | 12.4% | R R+35.3 | −1.2 | 15,971 | |
| 15 | Manistee County, MI | 12.1% | R R+15.9 | −0.8 | 15,297 | |
| 16 | Marinette County, WI | 11.9% | R R+37.9 | −3.4 | 24,415 | |
| 17 | Waukesha County, WI | 11.6% | R R+19.7 | +1.1 | 275,787 | |
| 18 | Day County, SD | 11.5% | R R+29.9 | −2.3 | 2,932 | |
| 19 | St. Clair County, MI | 11.4% | R R+34.6 | −4.4 | 96,524 | |
| 20 | Buffalo County, WI | 11.4% | R R+30.2 | −5.0 | 8,100 | |
| 21 | Leelanau County, MI | 11.1% | D D+7.8 | +2.6 | 17,685 | |
| 22 | Livingston County, MI | 10.9% | R R+23.9 | −1.3 | 132,448 | |
| 23 | Benton County, MN | 10.9% | R R+35.8 | −3.9 | 22,824 | |
| 24 | Taylor County, WI | 10.9% | R R+48.1 | −1.7 | 11,186 | |
| 25 | McHenry County, IL | 10.8% | R R+5.3 | −2.8 | 162,283 | |
| 26 | Washington County, IL | 10.8% | R R+57.2 | −0.8 | 7,562 | |
| 27 | Montmorency County, MI | 10.6% | R R+45.3 | −1.9 | 6,391 | |
| 28 | LaPorte County, IN | 10.5% | R R+14.1 | −6.9 | 47,553 | |
| 29 | Will County, IL | 10.4% | D D+1.6 | −6.7 | 327,604 | |
| 30 | Wood County, WI | 10.3% | R R+19.9 | −0.7 | 42,216 | |
| 31 | Howard County, NE | 10.2% | R R+62.4 | −1.5 | 3,566 | |
| 32 | Oconto County, WI | 10.2% | R R+43.0 | −2.0 | 24,912 | |
| 33 | Vilas County, WI | 10.2% | R R+23.0 | −1.2 | 16,135 | |
| 34 | Marshall County, MN | 10.1% | R R+51.6 | −4.2 | 5,031 | |
| 35 | Niagara County, NY | 10.1% | R R+14.9 | −5.2 | 102,431 | |
| 36 | Erie County, PA | 10.1% | R R+1.0 | −2.1 | 137,595 | |
| 37 | Green Lake County, WI | 10.1% | R R+36.3 | −0.4 | 11,052 | |
| 38 | Emmet County, MI | 10.0% | R R+10.8 | +0.4 | 22,851 | |
| 39 | Monroe County, MI | 10.0% | R R+27.1 | −4.5 | 91,356 | |
| 40 | Grundy County, IL | 9.9% | R R+29.5 | −3.8 | 26,589 | |
| 41 | Alcona County, MI | 9.9% | R R+41.7 | −3.3 | 7,483 | |
| 42 | Roscommon County, MI | 9.9% | R R+32.9 | −2.9 | 16,068 | |
| 43 | Oneida County, WI | 9.9% | R R+17.6 | −2.8 | 24,895 | |
| 44 | Washington County, WI | 9.8% | R R+36.2 | +1.9 | 91,407 | |
| 45 | DuPage County, IL | 9.7% | D D+13.1 | −4.8 | 456,882 | |
| 46 | Hampshire County, MA | 9.7% | D D+41.7 | −4.8 | 84,720 | |
| 47 | Iron County, MI | 9.7% | R R+29.3 | −3.9 | 7,027 | |
| 48 | Sanilac County, MI | 9.7% | R R+47.7 | −2.1 | 23,339 | |
| 49 | Forest County, WI | 9.6% | R R+33.4 | −2.4 | 5,097 | |
| 50 | Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region, CT | 9.5% | D D+12.8 | −3.5 | 102,634 | |
| 51 | Cambria County, PA | 9.5% | R R+39.7 | −2.3 | 71,136 | |
| 52 | Oneida County, NY | 9.3% | R R+21.2 | −5.6 | 100,331 | |
| 53 | Franklin County, MA | 9.2% | D D+37.6 | −6.2 | 42,248 | |
| 54 | Genesee County, NY | 9.1% | R R+33.9 | −2.2 | 28,444 | |
| 55 | Wyoming County, PA | 9.1% | R R+36.8 | −1.6 | 15,052 | |
| 56 | Lake County, IN | 9.0% | D D+5.6 | −9.4 | 209,551 | |
| 57 | Crawford County, MI | 9.0% | R R+33.8 | −3.0 | 8,476 | |
| 58 | Tuscola County, MI | 9.0% | R R+43.0 | −3.6 | 30,717 | |
| 59 | Wyoming County, NY | 9.0% | R R+48.2 | −2.7 | 19,041 | |
| 60 | Langlade County, WI | 9.0% | R R+34.6 | −2.1 | 11,664 | |
| 61 | Grand Traverse County, MI | 8.9% | R R+1.7 | +1.3 | 62,772 | |
| 62 | Winona County, MN | 8.9% | R R+4.9 | −5.3 | 27,797 | |
| 63 | Brown County, WI | 8.9% | R R+7.5 | −0.3 | 149,333 | |
| 64 | Waushara County, WI | 8.9% | R R+35.2 | −1.1 | 14,363 | |
| 65 | Menominee County, MI | 8.8% | R R+33.6 | −3.5 | 13,060 | |
| 66 | Adams County, WI | 8.8% | R R+25.8 | −0.1 | 12,882 | |
| 67 | Marquette County, WI | 8.8% | R R+29.6 | −2.2 | 9,427 | |
| 68 | Ozaukee County, WI | 8.8% | R R+10.4 | +1.6 | 63,472 | |
| 69 | Ogemaw County, MI | 8.7% | R R+42.0 | −1.9 | 12,622 | |
| 70 | Ashland County, WI | 8.7% | D D+4.7 | −6.3 | 8,955 | |
| 71 | Lincoln County, MN | 8.6% | R R+37.7 | +0.4 | 3,235 | |
| 72 | Cattaraugus County, NY | 8.6% | R R+32.7 | −3.2 | 34,107 | |
| 73 | Westmoreland County, PA | 8.6% | R R+28.4 | −0.0 | 211,450 | |
| 74 | Milwaukee County, WI | 8.6% | D D+38.4 | −1.4 | 464,107 | |
| 75 | Shawano County, WI | 8.6% | R R+36.2 | −0.7 | 23,500 | |
| 76 | Charlevoix County, MI | 8.5% | R R+16.9 | +0.2 | 17,661 | |
| 77 | Oakland County, MI | 8.5% | D D+10.6 | −3.5 | 772,145 | |
| 78 | Iron County, WI | 8.5% | R R+26.2 | −3.6 | 4,084 | |
| 79 | Rusk County, WI | 8.5% | R R+38.0 | −3.3 | 8,270 | |
| 80 | Cheboygan County, MI | 8.4% | R R+31.1 | −1.2 | 16,423 | |
| 81 | Iosco County, MI | 8.4% | R R+30.6 | −2.0 | 15,731 | |
| 82 | Schuylkill County, PA | 8.4% | R R+42.1 | −2.2 | 73,184 | |
| 83 | Lincoln County, WI | 8.3% | R R+25.1 | −2.4 | 17,209 | |
| 84 | Capitol Planning Region, CT | 8.2% | D D+20.1 | −5.0 | 475,693 | |
| 85 | Douglas County, WI | 8.2% | D D+5.3 | −4.0 | 25,234 | |
| 86 | Walworth County, WI | 8.2% | R R+22.2 | −3.0 | 60,597 | |
| 87 | Lapeer County, MI | 8.1% | R R+39.8 | −3.5 | 55,439 | |
| 88 | Platte County, NE | 8.1% | R R+58.1 | −1.3 | 15,736 | |
| 89 | Chautauqua County, NY | 8.1% | R R+21.9 | −2.1 | 56,751 | |
| 90 | Kewaunee County, WI | 8.1% | R R+33.7 | −1.0 | 12,484 | |
| 91 | Manitowoc County, WI | 8.1% | R R+23.3 | −0.1 | 46,316 | |
| 92 | Gogebic County, MI | 8.0% | R R+17.1 | −4.6 | 8,295 | |
| 93 | Mason County, MI | 8.0% | R R+21.4 | −1.6 | 18,064 | |
| 94 | Walsh County, ND | 8.0% | R R+44.8 | −3.1 | 4,496 | |
| 95 | Medina County, OH | 8.0% | R R+24.8 | −1.4 | 107,045 | |
| 96 | Northumberland County, PA | 8.0% | R R+39.9 | −1.4 | 43,522 | |
| 97 | Washington County, PA | 8.0% | R R+25.5 | −2.7 | 121,617 | |
| 98 | Gladwin County, MI | 7.9% | R R+40.7 | −4.0 | 15,488 | |
| 99 | Montgomery County, NY | 7.9% | R R+28.6 | −6.1 | 20,712 | |
| 100 | Porter County, IN | 7.8% | R R+10.5 | −4.4 | 84,969 |
Source. Demographics — U.S. Census American Community Survey 2024 5-year (ancestry B04006, language C16001, income B19013/B19001, education S1501, poverty S1701); adherence — 2020 U.S. Religion Census (ASARB); density — Census TIGER land area · counties and cities ≥ 5,000 population, ranked by polish; the medians are taken across the 100 top counties; the correlation is over all 1,244 eligible counties. Presidential results are two-party margins (MIT Election Lab); city results are precinct-derived for 2008–2024. A place can be demographically homogeneous and politically split — which is exactly what these tables are built to show. Real returns — nothing estimated.