Michigan — 1988 presidential election
Recent presidential results
Akashicstate1988 presidential electionMichigan · PresidentBushR+7.9
How it voted
Share of the 1988 vote
| George H. W. Bush ✓Republican | 53.6% | 1,965,486 |
|---|---|---|
| Michael DukakisDemocratic | 45.7% | 1,675,783 |
| OtherAll other candidates | 0.8% | 27,894 |
1988presidential margin
D+60R+60
83 counties, each filled by 1988 D-vs-R margin. Hover any county for its result.
Michigan cast 20 electoral votes this cycle.
County-level results (83 counties) — table
| County | Winner | Margin |
|---|---|---|
| Alcona County, MI | Republican | R+21.4 |
| Alger County, MI | Democratic | D+9.4 |
| Allegan County, MI | Republican | R+34.3 |
| Alpena County, MI | Republican | R+2.5 |
| Antrim County, MI | Republican | R+24.5 |
| Arenac County, MI | Democratic | D+2.3 |
| Baraga County, MI | Democratic | D+3.6 |
| Barry County, MI | Republican | R+22.1 |
| Bay County, MI | Democratic | D+15.3 |
| Benzie County, MI | Republican | R+14.0 |
| Berrien County, MI | Republican | R+26.3 |
| Branch County, MI | Republican | R+27.5 |
| Calhoun County, MI | Republican | R+8.1 |
| Cass County, MI | Republican | R+15.7 |
| Charlevoix County, MI | Republican | R+19.7 |
| Cheboygan County, MI | Republican | R+15.5 |
| Chippewa County, MI | Republican | R+13.0 |
| Clare County, MI | Republican | R+9.1 |
| Clinton County, MI | Republican | R+25.3 |
| Crawford County, MI | Republican | R+25.6 |
| Delta County, MI | Democratic | D+11.1 |
| Dickinson County, MI | Republican | R+0.2 |
| Eaton County, MI | Republican | R+22.3 |
| Emmet County, MI | Republican | R+25.8 |
| Genesee County, MI | Democratic | D+19.2 |
| Gladwin County, MI | Republican | R+6.5 |
| Gogebic County, MI | Democratic | D+18.9 |
| Grand Traverse County, MI | Republican | R+25.8 |
| Gratiot County, MI | Republican | R+19.2 |
| Hillsdale County, MI | Republican | R+37.5 |
| Houghton County, MI | Republican | R+4.3 |
| Huron County, MI | Republican | R+24.4 |
| Ingham County, MI | Republican | R+2.1 |
| Ionia County, MI | Republican | R+19.0 |
| Iosco County, MI | Republican | R+18.9 |
| Iron County, MI | Democratic | D+13.6 |
| Isabella County, MI | Republican | R+13.0 |
| Jackson County, MI | Republican | R+21.4 |
| Kalamazoo County, MI | Republican | R+11.9 |
| Kalkaska County, MI | Republican | R+23.2 |
| Kent County, MI | Republican | R+28.3 |
| Keweenaw County, MI | Democratic | D+8.1 |
| Lake County, MI | Democratic | D+6.6 |
| Lapeer County, MI | Republican | R+21.4 |
| Leelanau County, MI | Republican | R+21.9 |
| Lenawee County, MI | Republican | R+16.4 |
| Livingston County, MI | Republican | R+38.6 |
| Luce County, MI | Republican | R+27.5 |
| Mackinac County, MI | Republican | R+19.7 |
| Macomb County, MI | Republican | R+21.6 |
| Manistee County, MI | Republican | R+5.9 |
| Marquette County, MI | Democratic | D+13.6 |
| Mason County, MI | Republican | R+19.9 |
| Mecosta County, MI | Republican | R+26.5 |
| Menominee County, MI | Republican | R+5.0 |
| Midland County, MI | Republican | R+19.3 |
| Missaukee County, MI | Republican | R+37.2 |
| Monroe County, MI | Republican | R+9.0 |
| Montcalm County, MI | Republican | R+17.6 |
| Montmorency County, MI | Republican | R+23.2 |
| Muskegon County, MI | Republican | R+7.3 |
| Newaygo County, MI | Republican | R+29.3 |
| Oakland County, MI | Republican | R+23.5 |
| Oceana County, MI | Republican | R+25.6 |
| Ogemaw County, MI | Republican | R+1.0 |
| Ontonagon County, MI | Democratic | D+10.8 |
| Osceola County, MI | Republican | R+29.0 |
| Oscoda County, MI | Republican | R+25.3 |
| Otsego County, MI | Republican | R+27.2 |
| Ottawa County, MI | Republican | R+52.9 |
| Presque Isle County, MI | Republican | R+8.8 |
| Roscommon County, MI | Republican | R+14.3 |
| Saginaw County, MI | Democratic | D+3.6 |
| Sanilac County, MI | Republican | R+32.1 |
| Schoolcraft County, MI | Democratic | D+6.9 |
| Shiawassee County, MI | Republican | R+8.5 |
| St. Clair County, MI | Republican | R+21.3 |
| St. Joseph County, MI | Republican | R+30.0 |
| Tuscola County, MI | Republican | R+14.3 |
| Van Buren County, MI | Republican | R+15.2 |
| Washtenaw County, MI | Democratic | D+5.7 |
| Wayne County, MI | Democratic | D+21.1 |
| Wexford County, MI | Republican | R+16.9 |
Michigan results by county
83 counties. Third-party and independent votes are reported by the county source as one combined figure; every named candidate is listed in the complete result below.
| Led by | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcona County | George H. W. Bush+1,048 | 2,96660.5% | 1,91839.1% | 210.4% | 4,905 |
| Alger County | Michael Dukakis+380 | 1,83045.1% | 2,21054.4% | 190.5% | 4,059 |
| Allegan County | George H. W. Bush+11,378 | 22,16366.8% | 10,78532.5% | 2400.7% | 33,188 |
| Alpena County | George H. W. Bush+323 | 6,66451.0% | 6,34148.6% | 490.4% | 13,054 |
| Antrim County | George H. W. Bush+2,072 | 5,23161.9% | 3,15937.4% | 540.6% | 8,444 |
| Arenac County | Michael Dukakis+147 | 3,06448.6% | 3,21151.0% | 250.4% | 6,300 |
| Baraga County | Michael Dukakis+123 | 1,63047.9% | 1,75351.5% | 210.6% | 3,404 |
| Barry County | George H. W. Bush+4,563 | 12,54660.7% | 7,98338.6% | 1520.7% | 20,681 |
| Bay County | Michael Dukakis+7,515 | 20,71042.1% | 28,22557.4% | 2170.4% | 49,152 |
| Benzie County | George H. W. Bush+803 | 3,24056.5% | 2,43742.5% | 551.0% | 5,732 |
| Berrien County | George H. W. Bush+15,851 | 37,79962.8% | 21,94836.5% | 4360.7% | 60,183 |
| Branch County | George H. W. Bush+3,994 | 9,22563.5% | 5,23136.0% | 750.5% | 14,531 |
| Calhoun County | George H. W. Bush+4,054 | 26,77153.8% | 22,71745.6% | 2990.6% | 49,787 |
| Cass County | George H. W. Bush+2,785 | 10,22957.6% | 7,44441.9% | 830.5% | 17,756 |
| Charlevoix County | George H. W. Bush+1,927 | 5,80259.4% | 3,87539.7% | 850.9% | 9,762 |
| Cheboygan County | George H. W. Bush+1,452 | 5,39557.5% | 3,94342.0% | 420.4% | 9,380 |
| Chippewa County | George H. W. Bush+1,564 | 6,78656.2% | 5,22243.3% | 600.5% | 12,068 |
| Clare County | George H. W. Bush+951 | 5,66154.2% | 4,71045.1% | 770.7% | 10,448 |
| Clinton County | George H. W. Bush+6,272 | 15,49762.4% | 9,22537.1% | 1150.5% | 24,837 |
| Crawford County | George H. W. Bush+1,272 | 3,09762.3% | 1,82536.7% | 511.0% | 4,973 |
| Delta County | Michael Dukakis+1,777 | 7,11444.3% | 8,89155.3% | 600.4% | 16,065 |
| Dickinson County | George H. W. Bush+29 | 6,15849.9% | 6,12949.7% | 560.5% | 12,343 |
| Eaton County | George H. W. Bush+8,871 | 24,19360.8% | 15,32238.5% | 2910.7% | 39,806 |
| Emmet County | George H. W. Bush+2,935 | 7,10562.4% | 4,17036.6% | 1111.0% | 11,386 |
| Genesee County | Michael Dukakis+33,958 | 70,92240.1% | 104,88059.3% | 1,0570.6% | 176,859 |
| Gladwin County | George H. W. Bush+582 | 4,74652.8% | 4,16446.3% | 760.8% | 8,986 |
| Gogebic County | Michael Dukakis+1,642 | 3,50940.4% | 5,15159.3% | 310.4% | 8,691 |
| Grand Traverse County | George H. W. Bush+7,093 | 17,19162.5% | 10,09836.7% | 2360.9% | 27,525 |
| Gratiot County | George H. W. Bush+2,728 | 8,44759.4% | 5,71940.2% | 640.4% | 14,230 |
| Hillsdale County | George H. W. Bush+5,808 | 10,57168.3% | 4,76330.8% | 1450.9% | 15,479 |
| Houghton County | George H. W. Bush+588 | 7,09851.8% | 6,51047.5% | 860.6% | 13,694 |
| Huron County | George H. W. Bush+3,705 | 9,41961.9% | 5,71437.6% | 810.5% | 15,214 |
| Ingham County | George H. W. Bush+2,379 | 58,36350.6% | 55,98448.5% | 1,0880.9% | 115,435 |
| Ionia County | George H. W. Bush+3,868 | 12,02859.1% | 8,16040.1% | 1810.9% | 20,369 |
| Iosco County | George H. W. Bush+2,305 | 7,23459.2% | 4,92940.3% | 620.5% | 12,225 |
| Iron County | Michael Dukakis+908 | 2,86642.9% | 3,77456.5% | 340.5% | 6,674 |
| Isabella County | George H. W. Bush+2,402 | 10,36256.1% | 7,96043.1% | 1600.9% | 18,482 |
| Jackson County | George H. W. Bush+12,020 | 33,88560.4% | 21,86539.0% | 3770.7% | 56,127 |
| Kalamazoo County | George H. W. Bush+10,748 | 50,20555.6% | 39,45743.7% | 5730.6% | 90,235 |
| Kalkaska County | George H. W. Bush+1,277 | 3,36961.2% | 2,09238.0% | 430.8% | 5,504 |
| Kent County | George H. W. Bush+58,443 | 131,91063.8% | 73,46735.5% | 1,4650.7% | 206,842 |
| Keweenaw County | Michael Dukakis+95 | 53645.8% | 63153.9% | 30.3% | 1,170 |
| Lake County | Michael Dukakis+245 | 1,71346.3% | 1,95852.9% | 270.7% | 3,698 |
| Lapeer County | George H. W. Bush+5,934 | 16,67060.2% | 10,73638.8% | 2911.1% | 27,697 |
| Leelanau County | George H. W. Bush+1,884 | 5,21560.5% | 3,33138.6% | 730.8% | 8,619 |
| Lenawee County | George H. W. Bush+5,425 | 19,11557.8% | 13,69041.4% | 2430.7% | 33,048 |
| Livingston County | George H. W. Bush+17,582 | 31,33168.8% | 13,74930.2% | 4661.0% | 45,546 |
| Luce County | George H. W. Bush+664 | 1,52863.2% | 86435.7% | 251.0% | 2,417 |
| Mackinac County | George H. W. Bush+1,034 | 3,12759.7% | 2,09339.9% | 220.4% | 5,242 |
| Macomb County | George H. W. Bush+62,776 | 175,63260.3% | 112,85638.8% | 2,6270.9% | 291,115 |
| Manistee County | George H. W. Bush+603 | 5,36852.6% | 4,76546.7% | 770.8% | 10,210 |
| Marquette County | Michael Dukakis+3,714 | 11,70442.9% | 15,41856.5% | 1450.5% | 27,267 |
| Mason County | George H. W. Bush+2,269 | 6,80059.6% | 4,53139.7% | 820.7% | 11,413 |
| Mecosta County | George H. W. Bush+3,445 | 8,18163.0% | 4,73636.5% | 640.5% | 12,981 |
| Menominee County | George H. W. Bush+522 | 5,44052.3% | 4,91847.3% | 480.5% | 10,406 |
| Midland County | George H. W. Bush+6,542 | 19,99459.1% | 13,45239.8% | 3711.1% | 33,817 |
| Missaukee County | George H. W. Bush+1,945 | 3,56668.3% | 1,62131.0% | 370.7% | 5,224 |
| Monroe County | George H. W. Bush+4,342 | 26,18954.2% | 21,84745.2% | 2880.6% | 48,324 |
| Montcalm County | George H. W. Bush+3,299 | 10,96358.5% | 7,66440.9% | 1270.7% | 18,754 |
| Montmorency County | George H. W. Bush+951 | 2,51461.3% | 1,56338.1% | 230.6% | 4,100 |
| Muskegon County | George H. W. Bush+4,590 | 33,56753.4% | 28,97746.1% | 3630.6% | 62,907 |
| Newaygo County | George H. W. Bush+4,507 | 9,89664.3% | 5,38935.0% | 1000.6% | 15,385 |
| Oakland County | George H. W. Bush+108,614 | 283,35961.3% | 174,74537.8% | 4,3840.9% | 462,488 |
| Oceana County | George H. W. Bush+2,337 | 5,69362.5% | 3,35636.8% | 650.7% | 9,114 |
| Ogemaw County | George H. W. Bush+79 | 4,09150.2% | 4,01249.2% | 470.6% | 8,150 |
| Ontonagon County | Michael Dukakis+494 | 2,02344.3% | 2,51755.2% | 220.5% | 4,562 |
| Osceola County | George H. W. Bush+2,358 | 5,21864.3% | 2,86035.2% | 430.5% | 8,121 |
| Oscoda County | George H. W. Bush+802 | 1,97262.3% | 1,17036.9% | 250.8% | 3,167 |
| Otsego County | George H. W. Bush+1,985 | 4,62063.3% | 2,63536.1% | 430.6% | 7,298 |
| Ottawa County | George H. W. Bush+42,746 | 61,51576.2% | 18,76923.2% | 4450.6% | 80,729 |
| Presque Isle County | George H. W. Bush+589 | 3,61454.1% | 3,02545.3% | 400.6% | 6,679 |
| Roscommon County | George H. W. Bush+1,472 | 5,86656.9% | 4,39442.6% | 430.4% | 10,303 |
| Saginaw County | Michael Dukakis+3,215 | 42,40147.9% | 45,61651.5% | 5490.6% | 88,566 |
| Sanilac County | George H. W. Bush+5,208 | 10,65365.7% | 5,44533.6% | 1090.7% | 16,207 |
| Schoolcraft County | Michael Dukakis+269 | 1,80246.4% | 2,07153.3% | 130.3% | 3,886 |
| Shiawassee County | George H. W. Bush+2,450 | 15,50653.9% | 13,05645.4% | 1860.6% | 28,748 |
| St. Clair County | George H. W. Bush+11,427 | 32,33660.3% | 20,90939.0% | 4130.8% | 53,658 |
| St. Joseph County | George H. W. Bush+6,067 | 13,08464.8% | 7,01734.7% | 950.5% | 20,196 |
| Tuscola County | George H. W. Bush+3,033 | 12,09356.9% | 9,06042.6% | 1010.5% | 21,254 |
| Van Buren County | George H. W. Bush+3,854 | 14,52257.2% | 10,66842.0% | 2100.8% | 25,400 |
| Washtenaw County | Michael Dukakis+6,770 | 55,02946.7% | 61,79952.4% | 1,0920.9% | 117,920 |
| Wayne County | Michael Dukakis+158,226 | 291,99639.0% | 450,22260.2% | 5,9380.8% | 748,156 |
| Wexford County | George H. W. Bush+1,756 | 6,04358.1% | 4,28741.2% | 760.7% | 10,406 |
Nominees: Michael Dukakis (D) · George H. W. Bush (R)
Michigan's presidential margins
1892–2024, the 1988 contest in context
| Year | Margin (D minus R) |
|---|---|
| 1892 | −4.5% |
| 1896 | −10.3% |
| 1900 | −19.2% |
| 1904 | −43.8% |
| 1908 | −29.5% |
| 1912 | −0.2% |
| 1916 | −8.3% |
| 1920 | −50.6% |
| 1924 | −62.2% |
| 1928 | −41.4% |
| 1932 | +7.9% |
| 1936 | +17.6% |
| 1940 | −0.3% |
| 1944 | +1.0% |
| 1948 | −1.7% |
| 1952 | −11.5% |
| 1956 | −11.5% |
| 1960 | +2.0% |
| 1964 | +33.6% |
| 1968 | +6.7% |
| 1972 | −14.4% |
| 1976 | −5.4% |
| 1980 | −6.5% |
| 1984 | −19.0% |
| 1988 | −7.9% |
| 1992 | +7.4% |
| 1996 | +13.2% |
| 2000 | +5.1% |
| 2004 | +3.4% |
| 2008 | +16.5% |
| 2012 | +9.5% |
| 2016 | −0.2% |
| 2020 | +2.8% |
| 2024 | −1.4% |
Same ballot, 1988MI
Source. MIT Election Data + Science Lab — 1988 presidential returns · official county-level results. Real returns — nothing estimated.